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“Hysteria”, a now-defunct medical term, was a catch-all diagnosis for females presenting with an array of symptoms, meaning their pain was attributed to emotional causes, rather than biological ones.
But today, some women say they continue to feel gaslit - disbelieved and patronised - in medical settings.
And a lack of diversity in medical research compounds the issue.
More than 70% of participants in early-stage clinical trials globally are still white men, while male cells and animals are used as standard in the lab, according to Professor Robyn Norton, a public health expert.
The results are then applied to women, intersex, trans and gender-diverse people, causing issues when it comes to their treatment, diagnosis and how their symptoms are understood, Prof Norton says.
She describes it as a “one-size-fits-all, male-centric” approach to healthcare that has created huge knowledge gaps.
One analysis carried out in 2019 by the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research - which used data from the entire Danish population - found that, across 770 diseases they studied, women were diagnosed later than men, with an average lag time of four years.
In Australia, research from the University of Sydney in 2018 found that females admitted to hospital for serious heart attack were half as likely as men to get proper treatment and that they died at twice the rate six months after discharge.
Scientists have warned that another roadblock is the chronic underinvestment in women-specific health issues.
Yes this definitely still happens. Women's health history is commonly used against them in court trials, child custody cases, and access to programs and resources. They can just say you're a lying crazy bitch, but use legitimate sounding medical terminology, to dismiss or abuse you. One of my biggest regrets is getting a borderline diagnoses. I was told to get one in order to qualify for DBT (which didn't help because I don't have borderline because it doesn't really exist). It's like a black mark that's followed me around even after a decade. Be careful out there. None of these systems (the law, the government, medicine) are designed for us.